Menstrual cycle.

  • The hypothalamus releases GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone).
  • The pituitary secretes FSH and LH.
  • The FSH and LH stimulate follicle growth.
  • The follicles start to make estradiol. Several follicles begin to grow with each cycle, but usually only one matures.
  • Around day 12 estradiol levels rise steeply.
  • Rising estradiol stimulates a LH surge by positive feedback.
  • The LH surge triggers ovulation: the follicle ruptures, releasing the secondary oocyte.
  • The follicle left in the ovary forms the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone and estradiol.
  • Rising progesterone and estradiol levels stimulate thickening of the uterine wall, or endometrium. 10. If pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum continues secreting progesterone and estradiol to maintain the endometrium; otherwise it disintegrates and hormone levels drop, resulting in the loss of endometrial tissue as menstrual flow.