Chapter
34
Quizzes:
Self
Activities
Chapter
Cum.
Animations
Words
Appendix
Summary
Art
Art
Unit 5: The Evolutionary History of Diversity
Vertebrates
Review
Vertebrates
possess
, and are a subphylum of the
phylum
, animals that
possess
a
flexible
, a dorsal, hollow
cord,
clefts,
and a muscular,
tail.
Craniates
are chordates that have a
. Class
(
hagfishes
) are jawless marine craniates that have
derived from the notochord.
are craniates that have a
, made of
vertebrae.
are vertebrates that have
that evolved from skeletal supports of the
pharyngeal
clefts. Aquatic gnathostomes have a
line.
Class
includes sharks and rays with a skeleton made of
.
are the bony fish with a
endoskeleton.
Class
are
ray-finned
fishes. Class
are lobe-finned fishes that include
coelacanths,
lungfishes,
and
.
Tetrapods are gnathostomes that have
limbs, and evolved from
lobe-finned
fish whose fins developed into
limbs
adapted for terrestrial life.
Class
have moist skin that complements lungs in
exchange, and undergo
from aquatic larva into a terrestrial
adult.
There are
orders:
are salamanders,
are frogs and toads, and
are caecilians.
are tetrapods that have an
egg
adapted for terrestrial life. Reptiles lay
eggs.
Living reptiles include
lizards,
snakes,
turtles,
crocodilians,
and
birds.
Mammalia
are amniotes that have
and produce
from
glands.
Monotremes
are the only mammals that lay
. All other mammals are
placental
, which include
and
.
Marsupials
are born very early and complete embryonic development within a maternal pouch called
. Many marsupials in Australia resemble eutherians elsewhere that occupy similar ecological
due to
evolution.
Eutherians are
mammals that complete their embryonic development within a
, joined to the mother by the
placenta.
Primates
have opposable
adapted for
, and include
lemurs,
tarsiers,
monkeys,
and
hominoids
called
.
Hominids originated in
about 6-7 million years ago.
was an early hominid that walked
upright.
The earliest species in our genus Homo was
Homo
(“handy man”), who made
tools.
Homo
was the first fully bipedal, large-brained hominid.
Homo
erectus
was the first hominid to leave Africa.
Homo
neanderthalensis
became extinct a few thousand years after the arrival of humans (
Homo
).
Homo sapiens
are
hominoids with a large
capable of
making,
symbolic
thought and
.
We
appeared in
160,000
years ago.
Summary.
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May 25, 2007
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