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Unit 5: The Evolutionary History of Diversity Vertebrates Review
  1. Vertebrates possess , and are a subphylum of the phylum , animals that possess a flexible , a dorsal, hollow cord, clefts, and a muscular, tail.
     
     
  2. Craniates are chordates that have a . Class (hagfishes ) are jawless marine craniates that have derived from the notochord.
     
     
  3. are craniates that have a , made of vertebrae.
     
     
  4. are vertebrates that have that evolved from skeletal supports of the pharyngeal clefts. Aquatic gnathostomes have a line.
     
     
  5. Class includes sharks and rays with a skeleton made of .
     
     
  6. are the bony fish with a endoskeleton.
     
     
  7. Class are ray-finned fishes. Class are lobe-finned fishes that include coelacanths, lungfishes, and .
     
     
  8. Tetrapods are gnathostomes that have limbs, and evolved from lobe-finned fish whose fins developed into limbs adapted for terrestrial life.
     
     
  9. Class have moist skin that complements lungs in exchange, and undergo from aquatic larva into a terrestrial adult. There are orders: are salamanders, are frogs and toads, and are caecilians.
     
     
  10. are tetrapods that have an egg adapted for terrestrial life. Reptiles lay eggs. Living reptiles include lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians, and birds.
     
     
  11. Mammalia are amniotes that have and produce from glands.
    • Monotremes are the only mammals that lay . All other mammals are placental , which include and .
       
       
    • Marsupials are born very early and complete embryonic development within a maternal pouch called . Many marsupials in Australia resemble eutherians elsewhere that occupy similar ecological due to evolution.
     
     
  12. Eutherians are mammals that complete their embryonic development within a , joined to the mother by the placenta.
     
     
  13. Primates have opposable adapted for , and include lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, and hominoids called .
     
     
  14. Hominids originated in about 6-7 million years ago. was an early hominid that walked upright.
     
     
  15. The earliest species in our genus Homo was Homo (“handy man”), who made tools. Homo was the first fully bipedal, large-brained hominid. Homo erectus was the first hominid to leave Africa. Homo neanderthalensis became extinct a few thousand years after the arrival of humans (Homo ).
     
     
  16. Homo sapiens are hominoids with a large capable of making, symbolic thought and . We appeared in 160,000 years ago.
     
     
    Summary.
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