Chapter
44
Quizzes:
Self
Activities
Chapter
Cum.
Animations
Words
Appendix
Summary
Art
Art
Unit 7: Animal Form and Function
Osmoregulation and Excretion
Review
All organisms live in a
fluid
environment and must have adaptations for
to maintain water
balance
by controlling movement of dissolved substances, or
, due to
, the
diffusion
of
across a
membrane.
Marine animals living in
sea water
water and
salt, so must constantly drink water and
salt.
Freshwater animals
water and
salts from their
environment, so must constantly
dilute urine and take in salts across the
.
Nitrogenous wastes from the breakdown of
and
acids
also play a role in
osmoregulation.
is
and must be diluted in lots of water.
is less toxic, and can be concentrated in
and excreted with less water.
acid is even more concentrated and insoluble in water, and can be secreted as a
.
Most
excretory
systems produce
by refining a filtrate derived from body fluids.
The
of a
filter fluids through a
, which is a network of dead-end
tubules
lacking internal openings.
The
of an
consist of open-ended
tubules
that collect
fluid.
The
tubules
of terrestrial
remove nitrogenous wastes from the
.
The mammalian excretory
system
consists of paired
each supplied with blood by a renal
and drained by a renal
.
The kidney is composed of functional units of
,
which
consists of a long tubule and a ball of capillaries called the
.
occurs as blood pressure forces fluid, along with
molecules, from the
into the lumen of
capsule.
of important molecules such as
ions (HCO
3
-).
chloride (NaCl),
,
acids, as well as
, takes place in the
tubule, the loop of
, the
tubule, and the
duct.
of toxins and hydrogen ions from the blood occurs in the
and
tubules.
occurs when urine is expelled from the urinary bladder
through
the
.
hormone
(ADH)
water reabsorption in the distal tubule and collecting duct by making them more
to water.
Review:
Structure of the Human Excretory System
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May 25, 2007
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