Chapter 46 Animations   Study Guide

Unit 7: Animal Form and Function Animal Reproduction Review
  1. Sexual reproduction is the creation of offspring by the fusion of male and female to form a .
     
     
     
     
  2. Some animals are , but most must find a mate to reproduce.
     
     
     
     
  3. Some animals can reproduce by , where an egg develops into an adult without being fertilized.
     
     
     
     
  4. In humans, the gametes are produced in .
     
     
     
     
    • In females, the gonads are the where maturation of the eggs, or , occurs.
       
       
       
       
    • Starting at puberty, oocytes are released in a cycle
       
       
       
       
      Review: Reproductive System of the Human Female
     
     
     
     
    • In males, the gonads are the where maturation of the sperm, or , occurs.
       
       
       
       
      Review: Reproductive System of the Human Male
     
     
     
     
  5. A fertilized zygote undergoes to produce a which is implanted in the .
     
     
     
     
  6. As the blastocyst develops into an , its blood exchanges nutrients and waste with the placenta through the cord.

Chapter 47 Animations   Study Guide

Unit 7: Animal Form and Function Animal Development Review
  1. Fertilization occurs when the haploid nuclei of and fuse to form a diploid .
     
     
     
     
  2. Contact of the sperm with the egg initiates an reaction followed by a reaction the blocks the entry of other sperm into the egg, or .
     
     
     
     
  3. Fertilization is followed by , a period of rapid cell division without growth, producing many smaller cells called that form a hollow ball of cells called a .
     
     
     
     
  4. The cells of a blastula start to differentiate in a process called , forming a three-layered (gastrula) that has a primitive gut.
     
     
     
     
  5. The three embryonic layers are the , which forms the outer layer of the gastrula, the , which lines the embryonic digestive tract, and the in between.
     
     
     
     
  6. Early in vertebrate organogenesis, the tube forms from infolding of the , while the and the form from mesoderm.
     
     
     
     
  7. The embryos of (reptiles and mammals) develop within a fluid-filled sac with four extraembryonic .
     
     
     
     
  8. Humans are mammals with small eggs that store few nutrients; the gives rise to the three germ layers.
     
     
     
     
    Summary: Sea Urchin Development.
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
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