central_dogma 1970 Crick Reverse transcriptase: making DNA from RNA
promoter Remove RNAP II.
RNA_processing The 5' cap, 3' poly-A tail, and UnTranslated Regions facilitate ribosome attachment.
triplets How many possible combos of triplets? 4³=64.
genetic_code Asn=Asparagine, Asp=Aspartic Acid, Glu=Glutamic Acid, Gln=Glutamine
mutation GAA -> GUA: bottom row, 3 and 1 A mutation story: why can dogs synthesize vitamin C, but not higher primates?
mutation_nonsense AAG 3rd row, 3
mutation_missense AGC: 3rd row, 4
mutation_silent GGC -> GGU bottom. 4
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ACT17&B/3: part 5 exercise: use red ribose;
ACT17&D/6: translation: 45 kinds tRNA; use ATP to attach a.a. to tRNA, GTP on ribosome?

1=C  2=B  C=D  4=E  5=B

0. RNA polymerase II. After the end of the 3' coding region of an mRNA has been transcribed:
   (a) The polyadenylation sequence is bound by a cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF).
   (b) An endonuclease binds to CPSF and cleaves the transcript.
   (c) A polymerase binds to CPSF, adding up to 250 adenylate residues to the 3' end of the transcript.
1. Transcription termination pacman: polyA factors vacate the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the RNA polymerase (II), making room for Rtt103, Rai1, and Rat1. The nuclease Rat1 then begins to digest the growing mRNA. Though the polymerase continues synthesis, Rat1 gives chase, and once it catches up to the polymerase catalytic domain, the entire complex detaches from DNA.
2. 5'cap & poly-A tail: protect from hydrolytic enzymes, attach ribosomes.
3. UTR: UnTranalated Regions - bind ribosomes.
4. Introns allow for alternative RNA splicing, exon shuffling: crossing over between exons.
5. Some introns are ribozymes.
6. Luciferase used as a "reporter gene".
7. BT: Bacillus thuringiensis: protein (Bt delta endotoxin) kills Lepidoptera larvae, European corn borer.