Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition

plant-amino_acids Histidine needed by infants: cheese/wheat germ
digestive TOILET TUBE-in-a-TUBE.
pharynx Larynx=voice box (Adam's apple=thyroid cartilage surrounding larynx).
stomach Pancreas: trypsin/Chymotrypsin continue protein digestion; nucleases. Pepsin activates more pepsinogen by positive feedback.
duodenum Bile yellow/green: recycle RBC + heme -> bilirubin (yellow). Secretin and CCK hormones regulate release of digestive enzymes.
large_intestine E. coli: vitamin K and B- complex; other arm from colon is cecum (fermentation), extension=appendix: immunity.
ruminant NIUBAIYE=Omasum; tripe. BBC-LifeOnEarth/4.B_TheHuntersAndTheHunted/#10:40 Impala chews cud.
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SQ:                4=c       6=c       8=d  9=C? 10=e?
AQ: 1=d  2=e  2=c  4=D? 5=d  6=E? 7=c  8=D? 9=e 10=a
    15=a
CQ: 1=a
  1. Oxidation: loss electron; H2O ox/CO2 red; glucose ox/O2 red
  2. Calorie: heat to change 1 gram by 1ºC = 4.184 joules; 1 joule= 2kg from 0 to 1ºC.
  3. PYY: peptide YY.
  4. Feather protein keratin: hair, nails, horns, and hooves, sulfur amino acids (methionine & cysteine) disulfide bridges (curly).
  5. Linoleic: linon (flax), oleic from oil.
  6. Water–soluble vitamins include the B complex, coenzymes; Vitamin C is required for the production of connective tissue.
  7. Fat–soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. Vitamin A in visual pigments of the eye. Vitamin D calcium absorption and bone formation. Vitamin E (along with vitamin C) protect the phospholipids in membranes from oxidation Vitamin K blood clotting.
  8. Stomach ulcer: Heliobacter
  9. Lacteal in microvilli: fatty acids.
  10. Cecum: herbivores house symbiotic microorganisms. Carnivores have a reduced cecum, often replaced by vermiform appendix.
  11. Appendix: Lymphoid tissue makes minor contribution to defense of infections in digestive system.
  12. Ruminant Digestion